Verfahren zur Auswertung von Untertage-Seismogrammen     

Dr. Helmut Linsser 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1955,30(1):33-67

Zusammenfassung In den letzten Jahren wurden in den Erzgruben des Siegerlandes reflexionsseismische Messungen untertage ausgeführt. Für die Auswertung der hierbei erhaltenen Seismogramme sind besondere Verfahren erforderlich, die in der vorliegenden Arbeit entwickelt werden.Im ersten Teil werden die auftretenden geometrischen Probleme behandelt. Es wird gezeigt, daß man bei der Auswertung von Untertage-Seismogrammen zweckmäßigerweise jeden Reflexionseinsatz einzeln auswertet. Man erhält auf diese Weise eine Schar von Ellipsen, deren Häufungszone die Lage der reflektierenden Fläche erkennen lässt. Eine Möglickeit zur Berücksichtigung des Einfallwinkels wird durch geometrische Betrachtungen gefunden.Im zweiten Teil wird die Lage der Reflexionsebene durch rechnerische Methoden festgelegt. Zunächst wird dargelegt, daß hierzu die Korrelationsrechnung angewandt werden kann. Es ergeben sich jedoch einige Nachteile bei der praktischen Anwendung des Verfahrens.So wird die Aufgabe schließlich mit Hilfe der Fehlerrechnung gelöst. Hier kommt es darauf an, durch geeignete Näherungsformeln den Arbeitsaufwand auf ein erträgliches Maß zu bringen. Das erhaltene Ergebnis führt zu einer Festlegung von Lage und Streichrichtung der reflektierenden Fläche und liefert dabei eine Angabe über die Genauigkeit des erzielten Resultates. Schließlich wird angedeutet, wie man das statistische Verhalten der einzelnen Meßwerte untersuchen kann.

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Summary During the last years reflection-seismic measurements have been carried out in the ore mines of Siegerland. The special methods required for the interpretation of the seismograms obtained in this work are developed in the present paper.The first part deals with geometric problems arising. It is shown that in the interpretation of subsurface-seismograms each reflection event purposely is to be treated individually. In this way a family of ellipsoids is obtained whose zone of aggregation allows to recognize the position of the reflecting surface. A possibility of taking into account the angle of dip is found by geometrical considerations.In the second part the position of the reflecting surface is ascertained by arithmetical methods. At first, it is shown that correlation arithmetic may be adopted to this purpose. In employing this method practically some disadvantage will, however, be involved.Finally, for the solution of the problem the law of least squares is adopted. In doing so the question arises how to reduce the bulk of work to a reasonable amount by means of approximation formulas. The results thus obtained make it possible to determine the position and strike of the reflecting surface and yield data concerning the accuracy of the results obtained. Then, it is indicated how the statistical behaviour of the individual measurements can be analyzed.

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Gekürzte Fassung einer Dissertation, Bergakademie Clausthal 1954 (Berichterstatter Professor Dr.Karl Jung).  相似文献   

Aromatic components of coal: relation of distribution pattern to rank     

Matthias Radke  Helmut Willsch  Detlev Leythaeuser  Marlies Teichmüller 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1982,46(10):1831-1848

Aromatic distribution patterns have been evaluated for a series of twenty-four German high volatile bituminous B to low volatile bituminous coals of Upper Carboniferous Westphalian C-, B- and A-ages using high performance liquid chromatography and glass capillary gas chromatography. The study concentrates on dicyclic and tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbons most of which have been identified by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The distribution patterns of the methylhomologs of naphthalene and phenanthrene are strongly controlled by rank. A sudden increase of individual isomer ratios at 0.9% Rm coincides with an abrupt shift of the sporinite fluorescence colour from yellow towards red. A recently developed aromatics-derived maturity parameter, the Methylphenanthrene Index (MPI), correlated well with the vitrinite reflectance data over the whole rank range. Deviations have been attributed to variations of maceral composition or migration phenomena. The influence of artificial thermal alteration (350 and 400dgC) on the aromatic distribution pattern of coal is described.  相似文献   

Stochastic aspects in combined Doppler and triangulation nets     

Helmut Wolf 《Journal of Geodesy》1982,56(1):63-69

Summary The “true” geocentric position of any terrestrial triangulation can be reached to a certain degree of approximation only. Every claimed “geocentric” terrestrial system, therefore, must be capable of undergoing some minor shifts and minor rotations. In a two dimensional solution which provides the best combination of the two systems in question, three degrees of freedom are open and must be filled by corresponding statements or conditions. But the parameters so obtained are of relative value only. Thus, every two-dimensional solution must be followed by a three-dimensional solution in order to obtain the best external parameters and the best internal consistency. This sequential processing is legitimate because an alteration of the values of the external parameters no longer changes the inner shape of the combined network. All decisions made about the model have the character of hypotheses and must be tested statistically.  相似文献   

A variational principle for Moledensky’s liquid-core problem     

Helmut Moritz 《Journal of Geodesy》1982,56(4):364-380

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The pointing system of the Herschel space observatory     

Miguel Sánchez-Portal  Anthony Marston  Bruno Altieri  Hervé Aussel  Helmut Feuchtgruber  Ulrich Klaas  Hendrik Linz  Dieter Lutz  Bruno Merín  Thomas Müller  Markus Nielbock  Marc Oort  Göran Pilbratt  Micha Schmidt  Craig Stephenson  Mark Tuttlebee 《Experimental Astronomy》2014,37(2):453-479

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A Mathematical View of Weights-of-Evidence,Conditional Independence,and Logistic Regression in Terms of Markov Random Fields   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Helmut Schaeben 《Mathematical Geosciences》2014,46(6):691-709

New light is shed on mathematical methods of potential modeling from the point of view of Markov random fields. In particular, weights-of-evidence and logistic regression models are discussed in terms of graphical models possessing Markov properties, where the notion of conditional independence is essential, and will be related to log-linear models. While weights-of-evidence with respect to indicator predictor variables and logistic regression with unrestricted predictor variables model conditional probabilities of an indicator random target variable, the subject of log-linear models is the joint probability of random variables. The relationship to log-linear models leads to a likelihood ratio test of conditional independence, rendering an omnibus test of conditional independence restricted by a normality assumption obsolete. Moreover, it reveals a hierarchy of methods comprising weights-of-evidence, logistic regression without interaction terms, and logistic regression including interaction terms, where each former method is a special case of the consecutive latter method. The assumptions of conditional independence of all predictor variables given the target variable lead to logistic regression without interaction terms. Violations of conditional independence are compensated exactly by corresponding interaction terms, no cumbersome approximate corrections are needed. Thus, including interaction terms into logistic regression models is an appropriate means to account for lacking conditional independence. Logistic regression exempts from the burden to worry about lack of conditional independence. Eventually, the relationship to log-linear models renders logistic regression with indicator predictor variables optimum for discrete predictor variables. Weights-of-evidence applies for indicator predictor variables only, logistic regression applies without restrictions of the type of predictor variables and approximates the proper distribution in the general case.  相似文献